An exploration of the seminal contributions of Huygens, Newton, and Leibniz that led to the development of calculus. The course begins with Huygens "Treatise on Light" and "On the Movement of Bodies" laying the foundational concepts in optics and mechanics. In Newton's "Principia Mathematica" the laws of motion and universal gravitation illustrate the interplay between mathematical concepts and physical laws which come together in the calculus. Complementing this is the work of Leibniz's presenting his parallel development of calculus and the introduction of mathematical notation still used today. This course offers students a comprehensive understanding of how these groundbreaking discoveries and mathematical innovations not only shaped the field of physics but also provided the essential tools for modern scientific inquiry.